佛学大辞典

This term occurs often in the old sutta texts in such expressions as: 'ko hetu, ko paccayo', 'yam yad eva paccayam paticca uppajjati vin~n~a^nam', etc., or as abl. adverb in 'avijja^paccaya^ sankha^ra^'. All the 24 paccaya are for the first time enumerated, explained and applied to the phenomena of existence in the Abh. Canon (Patth). Of these 24 paccaya, 5 are already mentioned in Pts.M. (II, 49-54, 59f., 72-77), namely, sahaja^ta-, an~n~aman~n~a-, nissaya-, sampayutta-, vippayutta-paccaya.
1. Hetu is already used in the sutta texts as 'condition' in a general and indefinite way, as a synonym of paccaya. In the sense of kusala and akusala roots (múla; s. M. 9), however, it is only found in the Abh. Canon and Com.
2. a^rammana has in the 'sutta texts only the meaning of 'foundation', or 'basis', or 'dependent on', e.g. M. 21: 'tada^rammanan~ca sabbalokam metta^sahagatena cetasa^ pharitva^....' or D.33; S.XXII.53: 'vin~n~a^nam ... rúpa^rammanam ... vedana^ram-manam....' As term for the 6 objects, rúpa^rammana, sadda^rammana, etc.,
it is first used in the Abh. Canon, though the teaching of dependency of the 6 kinds of vin~n~a^na on the 6 sense-objects is an integral part of the suttas. Cf. e.g. M.38: 'cakkhun~ca paticca rúpe ca uppajjati vin~n~a^nam sotan~ca paticca sadde ca ...' etc.
3. Adhipati, as a philosophical term, occurs for the first time in the Abh. Canon (esp. Patth.). The 4 adhipati are in the suttas called iddhipa^da (e.g. S. LI. 11). In the old sutta texts, 3 adhipateyya are however mentioned: atta-, loka-, dhamma- (A. III, 38).
4. & 5. Anantara- and samanantara-paccaya occur, as paccaya, for the first time in the Abh. Canon (esp. Patth.). In a veiled form, however, we find the first term in the old sutta texts (e.g. Ratana Sutta in Khp. and Sn.): 'sama^dhim a^nantarikan~n~ama^hu': the concentration (associated with the arahatta-magga), which is called the 'immediate' condition (for arahatta-phala).
6. & 7. Sahaja^ta and an~n~aman~n~a-paccaya. Though these terms, as such, are not found in the older sutta texts, still the teaching of the conascent and mutual conditionedness of the 4 mental groups (vedana^, san~n~a^, sankha^ra, vin~n~a^na) is taught in the old texts, e.g. M. 28, 43; S. XXII, etc.
8. Nissaya-paccaya is mentioned in Pts; s. first paragraph of this article, above.
9. Upanissaya-paccaya. Though this name is not found in the suttas, the teaching expressed thereby is, however, frequently met with there, sometimes even in the form of upanisa^ (apparently a contraction of upanissaya), e.g. S. XII, 23: 'Yam pi'ssa tam bhikkhave khayasmim khaye n~a^nam, tam sa-upanisam vada^mi, no anupanisam '. The terms pakati-, a^rammana- and anantara-upanissaya are later developments of the Abh. Com.
All the remaining terms are met with only in the Abh. literature though the substance is, perhaps in all cases, already dealt with in the old sutta texts.
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